加载中…
Place · Level 3
孕前 3 个月叶酸 · 神经管 21-28 天关闭 · 铁需求翻倍 · DHA 胎儿脑 · HPG 轴 + 更年期 + 男 T · 拆穿天然激素
cofactor · 2
The neural tube closes 21-28 days after conception — before most people know they are pregnant. Proliferation peaks then and runs on folate-driven one-carbon metabolism for purines and thymidine, which is why the supplementation window is preconception.
←Zinc
Zinc deficiency drags testosterone down. But the line only runs on the deficient-to-replete stretch — topping up someone already replete pushes it no higher. Supplement ads sell exactly the half-sentence that got cut.
regulates · 6
The HPG axis is the core reproductive-endocrine loop: GnRH → FSH/LH → gonads → E2/T → negative feedback. PCOS exemplifies the IR × androgen × HPG dysregulation triangle.
Estrogen vasoprotection (↑NO, ↓LDL, endothelial stability) → perimenopausal estrogen drop is the female CVD inflection point. Early menopause / oophorectomy → CVD 5-10 yr earlier. In men, low T + high E2 (fat aromatase) is similarly CV-adverse.
→Bone
Estrogen suppresses bone resorption + maintains formation balance — perimenopausal withdrawal is the fastest osteoporosis-loss window. Low T in men similarly accelerates osteoporosis (often missed, but ~30% of women's incidence). 'Bone health = hormone health' chain.
→Iron
Pregnancy raises blood volume and iron demand together, while how much the gut can absorb is set by hepcidin — which is why pregnancy iron deficiency rarely yields to 'just eat more' and needs a real supplementation plan.
Estrogen has been holding osteoclasts down the whole time. After menopause it falls by roughly 90%; with the brake released, the first years lose bone calcium faster than they lay it down — around 20% of density over 5-10 years.
←GERD
Reflux in pregnancy is common and not a diet slip: progesterone relaxes the lower oesophageal sphincter while the growing uterus raises intra-abdominal pressure. Both at once, which is why the third trimester is worst.