营销话术证据 C · 证据有限
适应原 = 植物魔法
真相
真实机制是缓解皮质醇过度反应 → 改善睡眠 / 疲劳，效果是运动 + 睡眠 + 营养的子集。
机制速览
压力压上来的时候，身体会走三步：先绷紧警觉，再撑住抵抗，撑不住就垮下去，这是 Selye 描述的应激三阶段。适应原（adaptogen）这个标签卖的，就是让你停在抵抗那一步：太疲就提一提，太亢就压一压，别滑到垮掉那一步。
来源（3）
- Panossian, A., & Wikman, G. (2010). Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals, 3(1), 188-224.
- Björnsson, H. K., Björnsson, E. S., Avula, B., Khan, I. A., et al. (2020). Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver International, 40(4), 825-829. Five cases of cholestatic/mixed liver injury after 2-12 weeks of ashwagandha use; all self-limited. 3 cases from Iceland (2017-2018) and 2 from the US DILIN (2016); mean age 43; jaundice after 2-12 weeks; cholestatic or mixed injury; pruritus and hyperbilirubinaemia lasted 5-20 weeks; no hepatic failure; liver tests normalized in 1-5 months in 4 (1 lost to follow-up); chemical analysis confirmed ashwagandha with no other toxic compound; 4 were also taking other supplements (rhodiola possibly co-causal in one). Full text: the Icelandic daily doses were 450-1350 mg as recorded from the label, and no patient had recently raised the dose (abstract, PMID 31991029; full text, PMC8041491).
- Philips, C. A., Valsan, A., et al. (2023). Ashwagandha-induced liver injury — A case series from India and literature review. Hepatology Communications, 7(10), e0270. 23 herb-induced liver injury cases; cholestatic predominant; patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease had severe (fatal) outcomes. Retrospective multicentre Indian series, January 2019 to December 2022: of 23 patients with ashwagandha liver injury, the 8 on single-ingredient products are reported in detail (multiherbal or co-hepatotoxic exposures excluded); mostly men, cholestatic hepatitis commonest; 5 had underlying chronic liver disease, 3 of them presented with acute-on-chronic liver failure and all 3 died; the other injuries were prolonged but self-limiting, one became chronic. Chemical analysis found only natural phytochemicals, no adulteration or contamination. Full text: patients took ashwagandha per practitioner advice or product labeling (abstract, PMID 37756041; full text, PMC10531359).