depletes

depletes · 14

Alcohol Metabolism Folatestrong · 1 cited
Chronic alcohol depletes folate via 3 pathways: (1) inhibits intestinal γ-glutamyl hydrolase → ↓absorption; (2) accelerates renal excretion; (3) disrupts hepatic one-carbon metabolism. Alcohol + low folate → ↑homocysteine + aberrant DNA methylation → accelerated alcoholic liver injury. Pregnancy drinking is especially dangerous (NTD risk stacking).
Alcohol Metabolism Thiaminstrong · 1 cited
Chronic alcohol → ↓thiamine absorption (gut + liver) + ↑demand (ALDH consumes NAD → more cofactors needed). Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff is the most severe B1 deficiency consequence. Classic triad: ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + confusion. B1 must be given before glucose infusion (glucose accelerates depletion → acute Wernicke).
Drug–Nutrient Vitamin B12strong · 1 cited
Long-term metformin impairs the calcium-dependent ileal step of B12 absorption; DPPOS shows risk rising ~1.13× per year, so periodic B12 checks are routine monitoring.
GERD Vitamin B12strong · 2 cited
A real cost of long-term acid suppression: B12 in food is protein-bound and needs stomach acid and pepsin to release it. Suppress the acid and that step stalls, which is why long-term PPI users need their B12 watched.
Immune Aging & Inflammaging Sarcopeniastrong · 2 cited
Inflammation and muscle form a loop that turns on its own: inflammation accelerates muscle breakdown, less muscle means less anti-inflammatory capacity, reduced activity adds visceral fat, and inflammation rises again. This is why preserving muscle ranks so high in ageing.
Menstrual Cycle Ironstrong · 3 cited
Blood carries about 0.5 mg of iron per mL, and a period typically loses 30-40 mL — so 15-20 mg of iron leaves with it. That once-a-month exit is the main reason a menstruating woman's iron requirement is nearly double a man's (the recommendation is set near the heavy end of the range, not the average). Above 80 mL is heavy menstrual bleeding, and the iron ledger more than doubles.
Pregnancy & Lactation Ironstrong · 2 cited
Blood volume expands by about 50%, and the fetus and placenta build their own blood on top of that — pushing the iron recommendation from 18 mg/day to 27. That isn't 'a bit more', it's a different balance sheet.
Testosterone & Aging Sleep Architecture & Sleep Debtstrong · 2 cited
Testosterone is made largely during sleep, so chronic short sleep lowers it directly. Fixing sleep is the highest-yield lever here, ahead of any supplement.
Type 2 Diabetes Vitamin B12strong · 2 cited
Metformin is first line, cheap, with decades of safety data, and one of its costs is that long-term use drags vitamin B12 down — the mechanism being interference with calcium-dependent uptake in the terminal ileum. Not a reason to stop it; a reason to monitor.
Alcohol Metabolism Proteinmoderate · 2 cited
Chronic alcohol → protein-energy malnutrition + B1/B12/folate malabsorption + accelerated sarcopenia. Alcoholic myopathy isn't only heavy-drinker territory — moderate intake + elderly = high risk.
Drug–Nutrient Magnesiummoderate · 1 cited
Long-term PPIs and diuretics both lower magnesium — PPIs impair intestinal uptake, diuretics flush it from the kidney tubule; the FDA's 2011 warning makes serum-magnesium checks standard.
Drug–Nutrient Coenzyme Q10moderate · 1 cited
Statins block the mevalonate pathway and lower blood CoQ10 — but note RCTs show CoQ10 supplements don't reliably relieve statin myalgia (Banach 2015).
GERD Osteoporosismoderate · 2 cited
Long-term PPI (>1 yr) → reduced gastric acid → impaired Ca/Mg/B12 absorption → reduced BMD + fracture risk. FDA 2010 boxed warning. GERD step-up therapy should pair with bone health + Ca + D + deprescribing strategy.
Caffeine + L-Theanine Calciumweak · 2 cited
Caffeine does depress intestinal calcium absorption — but only very slightly, and it has no effect on total 24-hour urinary calcium (Heaney 2002). How slight? One to two tablespoons of milk fully offsets it. In people meeting their calcium RDA there is no evidence caffeine harms bone. The teaching value of this edge is precisely how small it is: a real interaction that marketing inflated into a big one.

depletes · 14

Alcohol Metabolism Folatestrong · 1 cited

Chronic alcohol depletes folate via 3 pathways: (1) inhibits intestinal γ-glutamyl hydrolase → ↓absorption; (2) accelerates renal excretion; (3) disrupts hepatic one-carbon metabolism. Alcohol + low folate → ↑homocysteine + aberrant DNA methylation → accelerated alcoholic liver injury. Pregnancy drinking is especially dangerous (NTD risk stacking).

Alcohol Metabolism Thiaminstrong · 1 cited

Chronic alcohol → ↓thiamine absorption (gut + liver) + ↑demand (ALDH consumes NAD → more cofactors needed). Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff is the most severe B1 deficiency consequence. Classic triad: ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + confusion. B1 must be given before glucose infusion (glucose accelerates depletion → acute Wernicke).

Drug–Nutrient Vitamin B12strong · 1 cited

Long-term metformin impairs the calcium-dependent ileal step of B12 absorption; DPPOS shows risk rising ~1.13× per year, so periodic B12 checks are routine monitoring.

GERD Vitamin B12strong · 2 cited

A real cost of long-term acid suppression: B12 in food is protein-bound and needs stomach acid and pepsin to release it. Suppress the acid and that step stalls, which is why long-term PPI users need their B12 watched.

Immune Aging & Inflammaging Sarcopeniastrong · 2 cited

Inflammation and muscle form a loop that turns on its own: inflammation accelerates muscle breakdown, less muscle means less anti-inflammatory capacity, reduced activity adds visceral fat, and inflammation rises again. This is why preserving muscle ranks so high in ageing.

Menstrual Cycle Ironstrong · 3 cited

Blood carries about 0.5 mg of iron per mL, and a period typically loses 30-40 mL — so 15-20 mg of iron leaves with it. That once-a-month exit is the main reason a menstruating woman's iron requirement is nearly double a man's (the recommendation is set near the heavy end of the range, not the average). Above 80 mL is heavy menstrual bleeding, and the iron ledger more than doubles.

Pregnancy & Lactation Ironstrong · 2 cited

Blood volume expands by about 50%, and the fetus and placenta build their own blood on top of that — pushing the iron recommendation from 18 mg/day to 27. That isn't 'a bit more', it's a different balance sheet.

Testosterone & Aging Sleep Architecture & Sleep Debtstrong · 2 cited

Testosterone is made largely during sleep, so chronic short sleep lowers it directly. Fixing sleep is the highest-yield lever here, ahead of any supplement.

Type 2 Diabetes Vitamin B12strong · 2 cited

Metformin is first line, cheap, with decades of safety data, and one of its costs is that long-term use drags vitamin B12 down — the mechanism being interference with calcium-dependent uptake in the terminal ileum. Not a reason to stop it; a reason to monitor.

Alcohol Metabolism Proteinmoderate · 2 cited

Chronic alcohol → protein-energy malnutrition + B1/B12/folate malabsorption + accelerated sarcopenia. Alcoholic myopathy isn't only heavy-drinker territory — moderate intake + elderly = high risk.

Drug–Nutrient Magnesiummoderate · 1 cited

Long-term PPIs and diuretics both lower magnesium — PPIs impair intestinal uptake, diuretics flush it from the kidney tubule; the FDA's 2011 warning makes serum-magnesium checks standard.

Drug–Nutrient Coenzyme Q10moderate · 1 cited

Statins block the mevalonate pathway and lower blood CoQ10 — but note RCTs show CoQ10 supplements don't reliably relieve statin myalgia (Banach 2015).

GERD Osteoporosismoderate · 2 cited

Long-term PPI (>1 yr) → reduced gastric acid → impaired Ca/Mg/B12 absorption → reduced BMD + fracture risk. FDA 2010 boxed warning. GERD step-up therapy should pair with bone health + Ca + D + deprescribing strategy.

Caffeine + L-Theanine Calciumweak · 2 cited

Caffeine does depress intestinal calcium absorption — but only very slightly, and it has no effect on total 24-hour urinary calcium (Heaney 2002). How slight? One to two tablespoons of milk fully offsets it. In people meeting their calcium RDA there is no evidence caffeine harms bone. The teaching value of this edge is precisely how small it is: a real interaction that marketing inflated into a big one.