Place · Level 3 · Supplements
Urolithin A
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In one pass Pomegranate, walnuts and berries hold ellagitannins. Educational content, not medical advice — consult a clinician.
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Chapter 1
Pomegranate does not contain this molecule
石榴自己没有这个分子
Pomegranate, walnuts and berries hold ellagitannins. After you eat them, some gut microbes have to take them apart into urolithin A. The fruit does not already contain the finished molecule. Ryu 2016 writes UA as a natural compound that induces mitophagy after oral intake: in C. elegans it limited age-related piles of dysfunctional mitochondria and extended lifespan; in rodents exercise capacity improved.
So shelf copy that pomegranate anti-ages you skips the microbes in the middle. Without that community the same fruit does not make this molecule. The microbiome island covers the community. This island follows one metabolite.
So shelf copy that pomegranate anti-ages you skips the microbes in the middle. Without that community the same fruit does not make this molecule. The microbiome island covers the community. This island follows one metabolite.
Chapter 2
Tagging broken mitochondria for recycling
给坏线粒体贴回收标签
Worn mitochondria leak electrons and make reactive oxygen species. The cell's answer is not to build new ones forever. It wraps the broken ones into autophagosomes and takes them apart — mitophagy. Ryu saw UA drive that step in cells and animals. That is not the same road as the NMN/NR island topping up the NAD pool: one is a cofactor pool, the other is taking a broken factory apart.
Worm lifespan and rodent running are not yet humans. The next scene enters people.
Worm lifespan and rodent running are not yet humans. The next scene enters people.
Chapter 3
Safety first in humans; strength is secondary
人体先安全, 力量是次要终点
Andreux 2019 is first-in-human: sedentary older adults, safety the primary outcome. UA reached plasma; 500 mg and 1000 mg for four weeks shifted plasma acylcarnitines and skeletal-muscle mitochondrial gene expression. That paper did not measure strength.
Singh 2022 gave the proprietary preparation Mitopure to middle-aged adults for four months at two doses. Hamstring strength about +12% versus placebo at 500 mg. Peak power output, the primary endpoint, did not improve significantly. The paper is industry-affiliated. Read it as: a molecular signature and one strength secondary are present. Writing the anti-aging race as already won steps over that paper's own primary endpoint.
Singh 2022 gave the proprietary preparation Mitopure to middle-aged adults for four months at two doses. Hamstring strength about +12% versus placebo at 500 mg. Peak power output, the primary endpoint, did not improve significantly. The paper is industry-affiliated. Read it as: a molecular signature and one strength secondary are present. Writing the anti-aging race as already won steps over that paper's own primary endpoint.
Chapter 4
Not a longevity pill
不是抗衰神药
What you can draw is: ellagitannins enter the gut → some people's microbes make UA → UA tags mitochondria for recycling → humans first get safety then a molecular signature, and strength is a secondary endpoint. The register already holds a paper that checked labelled NMN and UA amounts on sale — that is whether the label matches, not this mechanism.
Without that community, pomegranate juice does not make this molecule. With that community, you still have not bought lifespan.
Without that community, pomegranate juice does not make this molecule. With that community, you still have not bought lifespan.
References · 3
- Ryu, D., Mouchiroud, L., Andreux, P. A., Katsyuba, E., Moullan, N., Nicolet-dit-Felix, A. A., Williams, E. G., Jha, P., Lo Sasso, G., Huzard, D., Aebischer, P., Sandi, C., Rinsch, C., & Auwerx, J. (2016). Urolithin A induces mitophagy and prolongs lifespan in C. elegans and increases muscle function in rodents. Nature Medicine, 22(8), 879-888. First-in-class natural compound that induces mitophagy in vitro and in vivo after oral intake. In C. elegans it limited age-related accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and extended lifespan; in rodents it improved exercise capacity. 10.1038/nm.4132
- Andreux, P. A., Blanco-Bose, W., Ryu, D., Burdet, F., Ibberson, M., Aebischer, P., Auwerx, J., Singh, A., & Rinsch, C. (2019). The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans. Nature Metabolism, 1(6), 595-603. First-in-human trial in sedentary elderly: UA was bioavailable; 4 weeks at 500 mg and 1,000 mg modulated plasma acylcarnitines and skeletal-muscle mitochondrial gene expression. Primary outcome was safety, not strength. 10.1038/s42255-019-0073-4
- Singh, A., D'Amico, D., Andreux, P. A., Fouassier, A. M., Blanco-Bose, W., Evans, M., Aebischer, P., Auwerx, J., & Rinsch, C. (2022). Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults. Cell Reports Medicine, 3(5), 100633. Placebo-controlled, two doses for 4 months (NCT03464500). Hamstring strength rose about 12% at 500 mg vs placebo. Peak power output (primary endpoint) did not improve significantly. Mitopure is a proprietary UA; the paper is industry-affiliated. 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633