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Place · Level 3
FAD / FMN 电子搬运 · 让其它 B 族也更顺 · 和偏头痛意外相关
synergy · 2
NADH and FADH₂ feed the ETC at two entry points — B3 and B2 are the chain's twin inputs.
→Iron
B2 (as FAD) cofactors the ferroportin/hephaestin oxidation step that releases dietary iron into blood. B2 deficiency worsens iron-deficiency anemia; combined repletion outperforms iron alone in B2-deficient populations.
cofactor · 1
E3 (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase) hands lipoyl's reducing equivalents to FAD then NAD⁺ — B2 is the downstream relay.
regulates · 1
Riboflavin is unexpectedly well-supported in migraine prophylaxis: the route is B2 to FAD to mitochondrial Complex II — it supplies the energy-production step. The effect size is modest but the number needed to treat is low, and it is cheap and safe.