Iodine

cofactor · 2

• ←Iron

  Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a Fe-heme enzyme. With adequate iodine, iron deficiency still impairs TPO → low T4 synthesis. Iron-deficient pregnancy with adequate iodine can still show borderline thyroid status — fetal neurodev risk.

  GUIDE · AREVIEW · A

• ↔Selenium

  Selenoprotein deiodinases (DIO1/2/3) are the sole T4→T3 converters; Se deficiency means tissue T3 is low even when T4 is adequate. Se also neutralizes H2O2 byproducts that would otherwise damage thyroid cells. Two pillars of thyroid function.

  GUIDE · AGUIDE · A

regulates · 1

• ↔Hashimoto's

  Hashimoto thyroids are iodine-sensitive — too low or too high feeds autoimmune flares. Urinary iodine target 100-200 µg/L.

  GUIDE · A